Universal Technical Institute, Inc. (NYSE:UTI) Q1 2024 Results Conference Call February 7, 2024 4:30 PM ET
Company Participants
Matt Kempton – VP, Corporate Finance
Jerome Grant – CEO
Troy Anderson – CFO
Conference Call Participants
Mike Grondahl – Northland Securities
Steve Frankel – Rosenblatt
Raj Sharma – B. Riley
Eric Martinuzzi – Lake Street
Alex Paris – Barrington Research
Operator
Good day, and welcome to the Universal Technical Institute First Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] Please note, this event is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Matt Kempton, Vice President of Corporate Finance. Please go ahead.
Matt Kempton
Hello, and welcome to Universal Technical Institute’s fiscal first quarter 2024 earnings call. Joining me today are our CEO, Jerome Grant; and CFO, Troy Anderson. Following our prepared remarks, we will open the call for your questions. A replay of this call, its transcript, and our investor presentation will be archived on the Investor Relations section of our website at investor.uti.edu along with our earnings release issued earlier today and furnished to the SEC.
During this call, we may make comments that contain forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which, by their nature, address matters that are in the future and are uncertain. These statements reflect management’s current beliefs and expectations and are subject to a number of factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our earnings release and SEC filings. These statements do not guarantee future performance and therefore undue reliance should not be placed upon them. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future developments, except as required by law.
Please note, unless otherwise stated, all comparisons in this call will be against our results for the comparable period of fiscal 2023. The information presented today also includes non-GAAP financial measures. These should be viewed in addition to and not as a substitute for the company’s reported results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All non-GAAP financial measures referenced in today’s call are reconciled in our earnings press release to the most directly comparable GAAP measure. For more information regarding definitions of our non-GAAP measures, please see our earnings release and investor presentation.
With that, I will turn the call over to Jerome Grant, CEO of Universal Technical Institute, for his prepared remarks. Jerome?
Jerome Grant
Thank you, Matt. Good afternoon, everyone. Our momentum continued into the first quarter of 2024 as the company’s financial performance has continued to expectations. We achieved $174.7 million in revenue and $24.5 million in adjusted EBITDA. Student starts were 43.46, which was right in line with our expectations. Troy will spend some time in just a few minutes going a bit deeper into these impressive numbers. These results underscore the consistency with which we have delivered on our financial promises over the past several years. We have also made rapid progress on our growth and diversification objectives and we have entered this fiscal year as a robust multi divisional company poised for continued growth and with each division priding themselves on maintaining a strong track record of superior student graduation rates and employment outcomes.
Our excellent performance is made possible by the dedication of our faculty, staff and students across Concord and the UTI division, along with support from our corporate teams. I’d like to thank them for their tireless commitment as we continue executing on our growth objectives and expanding the training and employment opportunities, we provide our students across in demand industries.
As a key corporate update, I’d like to highlight that effective December 2023, we satisfied the conditions that allowed us to fully convert our outstanding Series A preferred stock into common stock. In connection with the transaction, Coliseum Capital Management’s Co-Founder and Managing Partner, Chris Shackleton was appointed as a Class III Director to our Board. Troy will review the milestones more fully later in the call, but we would like to thank Chris and Coliseum for their support when we most needed it and their continued investment in partnership.
We also have continued to strengthen our corporate and divisional leadership teams. As we announced last month, we recently appointed Carolyn Frank as our first Corporate Chief Human Resource Officer. Carolyn brings tremendous experience in building and managing human resource organizations, including Finance of America and Guild Mortgage Company, both New York Stock Exchange listed companies. I’m confident that she will contribute at a very high level to our mission and I’m proud to welcome her to the Company.
I’m also happy to announce that Kevin Prehn has been appointed the President of Concorde Career Colleges. Since accepting this interim appointment in September, Kevin has made resounding contributions to both the division and our corporate leadership team.
With Kevin at the helm, I’m confident that the Concorde division will quickly reach its fullest potential. We look forward to our continued work with Kevin, and progressing Concorde’s divisional goals.
Let’s turn our attention to both the performance and notable highlights for each of our divisions starting with Concorde. In the first quarter, we continue to make progress with new healthcare program rollouts. As we announced in December, We launched a cardiovascular sonography program and a diagnostic medical sonography program in Orlando and a dental hygiene program in Jacksonville and another cardiovascular sonography program in San Bernardino.
This brings us to 5 new Concorde programs launched in the past 6 months. As we had previously launched an online respiratory therapy program in late fiscal 2023. Market demand for our healthcare programs remained strong through the Q1. We also continue to work towards launching 2 other dental hygiene programs this year where we have maintained our progress by completing their necessary regulatory approvals. In addition, we’re in the process of expanding the capacity of our dental hygiene program in our San Diego campus.
We also remain focused on driving additional operational and organizational efficiencies with Concorde along with executing on further integration and synergy opportunities, while optimally supporting our current and incoming healthcare students. Our work to fine tune the divisional infrastructure gives our healthcare offerings an even greater platform for growth. In the UTI division, we’ve continued to accelerate our year-over-year start growth in Q1 and ramp our newest programs. Significantly, we have now launched the aviation program in UTI’s Miramar campus, which was the final launch from our 14 planned new programs last year. Demand for these newest programs has remained strong with almost 400 combined student starts across the 14 programs over the last two quarters. We’re encouraged by the early returns from these programs and we’re making good progress growing the enrollments and pipeline.
We anticipate at least 1,000 new student starts with these programs this fiscal year. The division’s most recent program launches our just our first steps towards expanding the MIAT sourced aviation skilled trades and energy programs more broadly across the UTI campus footprint. We continue to evaluate additional program expansion opportunities in the UTI division. In fact, we’ve already started second phase of the program expansions and at present we’re on track to launch three additional heating, ventilation and air conditioning programs this year with a fourth HVAC program expected to launch in early fiscal 2025.
In another strategic Step related to the MIAT acquisition, we recently announced our plans to consolidate the UTI division’s Houston operations into a single campus. Through this transition, the MIAT Houston campus will start operating under the UTI brand and implementing a phased transition beginning this May. The consolidation is meant to streamline operations and standardize our educational delivery model in Houston through aligning our campus’ curriculum, student facing systems and their educational and career support services to better serve students seeking careers and in demand fields. This process will also help future students complete certain programs more quickly and strengthen UTI’s position as a dominant provider of Career and Technical Education solutions in the Houston market, a market in which we’ve operated for over 40 years.
We’re working to ensure that the current MIAT students have a seamless and positive experience through the transition and we expect the transition process to be fully completed in early fiscal 2025. Our division level initiatives all support our core commitment to driving superior student outcomes across diversified in demand fields. We deliver on this commitment not only through expanding our program offerings and optimizing our campuses, but also through prioritizing top-quality partnerships and instruction. In both division our industry partners continue to invest in our programs and students. For example, Standard Motor Products or SMP is a long time UTI division partner that manufactures and distributes premium automotive and truck parts. SMP’s products are deeply integrated into the hands-on portion of our automotive and diesel programs. SMP recently extended its partnership with UTI to provide a product allowance at our UTI campuses, an investment of up to $80,000 per year.
In addition, we recently secured a partnership with the United Service Organizations commonly known as the USO. This partnership will offer specialized training programs and resources to help military personnel with their transition to civilian life and careers in transportation, motorsports, renewable energy and aviation industries. In terms of our healthcare partnerships, we announced last week that our partners at Jefferson Dental and Orthodontics recently donated two cutting edge iTero inter oral 3D scanners to conference Dallas and San Antonio, Texas.
iTero 3D scanners use a handheld wand to capture thousands of images of patients’ mouth in just seconds. And this enhanced visualization enables higher quality dental services and patient experiences. Through using the scanners in their clinical work, our dental students will access innovative, state of the industry technology that prepares them for the future of dentistry. We extend deep gratitude to our partners at Jefferson Dental for their generous donation and dedication to our students.
Also at Concorde, Heartland Dental, one of the top dental service organizations in the nation with more than 1,700 supported practices nationwide, recently extended their commitment to provide scholarship offerings to students in our Dental Hygiene program. This is the third year that Heartland has invested in our Dental Hygiene students.
Now looking ahead to 2024, we continue to have high confidence in the trajectory of our student starts and the guidance we set in November of 24,500 to 25,500 starts. That said, with the strength of our first quarter results and continued progress on our growth, diversification and optimization strategy, we are raising our full year revenue and profitability guidance for fiscal 2024.
Notably, we now expect to generate annual revenue between $710 million and $720 million and adjusted EBITDA of between $100 million and $103 million. Troy will cover these updates in more detail in just a few moments. To support our broader revenue and profitability and cash generation objectives, we also continue to drive on our key operational focus areas for 2024, which include increasing enrollment revenue and profit growth from our fiscal 2023 and 2024 program launches, ramping the yield of our marketing and admissions investments to further optimize lead generation and inquiry conversion in both divisions and continuing to optimize our workforce strategies, hiring practices and facility utilization to drive greater capital and operating cost efficiencies, both of which propel our program and margin expansion.
Our focus in these areas will also give us an even greater foundation from which to drive strong student outcomes. We’ve already laid much of the foundation over the past 2 years and we expect to make additional progress throughout fiscal 2024.
I’d now like to turn the call over to Troy to review our first quarter financial results. Troy?
Troy Anderson
Thank you, Jerome. We outperformed our revenue and profitability expectations once again in the first quarter, reflecting a robust full quarter contribution from Concorde and new student start growth in both divisions. Consistent with last year’s presentation, our results include both consolidated and segment views as well as corporate unallocated costs. Unless stated otherwise, the year-over-year comparisons remain on an as reported basis as the year ago period only includes one month of Concorde contributions from the acquisition date of December 1, 2022.
To summarize our operational performance, we recorded 4,346 total new student starts, which was in line with our expectations and reflects year-over-year start growth across both divisions. In the UTI division, starts increased 17.2% year-over-year and we continue to see improved same campus, same program growth consistent with the past few quarters. The divisional start growth also reflects contributions from our most recent program expansions, as Jerome already commented on.
On a pro form a basis, Concorde core start grew a healthy 14.4%, with total starts growing 12.5%. The core starts reflected additional marketing investments and continued success with the grant programs implemented last year. Note clinical start growth rates are highly variable on both the quarter-over-quarter and year-over-year basis due to varying program lengths and available starts, which can be limited by programmatic accreditation standards.
Moving to our financial performance, our first quarter revenue of $174.7 million on a consolidated basis exceeded our expectations, increasing 45.6% versus the prior year. The full quarter of Concord contributed $59.3 million which increased $44.9 million versus the prior year, while the UTI division saw 9.3% year-over-year growth.
From a profitability standpoint, consolidated net income for the first quarter was $10.4 million or $0.17 per diluted share, while adjusted EBITDA was $24.5 million. These all reflect measurable year-over-year growth due to the full quarter contribution from Concord along with improved operating leverage and cost efficiencies as we generate yield from our growth investments and optimization efforts.
Note our EBITDA adjustments are largely consistent with last fiscal year versus last year, we expect less of an impact from new campus and program start-up costs and limited impact of acquisition related costs. A potential new item this year is restructuring costs related to the UTI and MIAT Houston Campus consolidation efforts. To the extent there are costs for this, they will be recognized in the period they have occurred.
As Jerome mentioned, in December, we satisfied the conditions that allowed us to fully convert the outstanding Series A preferred stock into common stock. This increased our total common shares outstanding by 19.3 million shares. Immediately prior to the conversion, we purchased 33,300 shares of Series A preferred stock, convertible into 1 million shares of common stock owned by Coliseum and an affiliate for $11.3 million. Through the repurchase, their combined ownership percentage post conversion is below 25%, thus eliminating the need for further regulatory approval. As of December 31, 2023, we had 53.7 million shares of common stock outstanding.
Of note, given the partial quarter with the preferred shares in place, our earnings per share calculation for the first quarter reflects the two class method we had used previously with the associated effects of the preferred dividend and the earnings allocation to the in participating securities.
Going forward, our year-to-date and full year EPS calculations will also reflect the two-class method, while the remaining quarters will reflect the more traditional basic and diluted EPS calculations. We saw a favorable effective tax rate in the quarter versus more recent quarters and the year ago period due to the impact of various discrete items. Following these benefits through the full year, we now expect a full year effective tax rate of approximately 27% versus our initial 30% expectation.
Total available liquidity at the end of the quarter was $143.6 million which includes the $90 million drawdown of our revolving credit facility. We ended the quarter with excess networking capital, while our target going forward is to maintain a modest level of networking capital.
As such, we will be actively managing the amount of the draw we have against the revolver to achieve this target and minimize interest expense as much as possible. Total debt was approximately $162 million while net debt was approximately $18 million. Our first quarter operating cash flow was $10.8 million and adjusted free cash flow was $10.2 million. Our cash CapEx of $3.8 million for the quarter was a bit lighter than we expected due to spend timing, but we still expect approximately $30 million of CapEx for the full year.
Consistent with our guidance, we currently have lower levels of new growth investment to be planned for fiscal 2024 relative to recent prior years. Thus, we continue to anticipate having fewer adjustments and expect to generate strong unadjusted free cash flow for the fiscal year. With our positive first quarter performance and current visibility into the remainder of the year, we are raising our revenue and profitability guidance ranges for fiscal 2024.
Our updated guidance ranges are as follows: Revenue of $710 million to $720 million an increase of $5 million net income of $36 million to $40 million an increase of $2 million diluted earnings per share of $0.67 to $0.72, an increase of $0.14 with approximately $0.10 driven by the combined impact of the preferred conversion and repurchase and adjusted EBITDA of $100 million to $103 million which increases the bottom end by $2 million and narrows the range by $1 million.
We continue to have high confidence in our prior adjusted free cash flow guidance of $62 million to $66 million as well as our prior new student start guidance of $24,500 to $25,500. As always, we will evaluate our guidance throughout the year as we gain further insight into our actual and expected performance and make adjustments as a program. In terms of revenue phasing, we continue to expect upper single digit to low double-digit revenue growth over the remaining quarters. These expectations are driven by the ongoing ramp of our recent program expansions and student start growth momentum in both divisions.
For new student starts, we continue to expect double-digit growth in the second quarter and then stabilization in the low to mid single digits the second half of the year as we complete the initial ramp phase of our prior new program investments and mature the proactive grain enhancements and other initiatives we put in place in fiscal 2023.
Moving to adjusted EBITDA. We continue to expect solid growth each quarter with higher growth and profitability in the second half of the year given the revenue growth, higher yields from our program expansion investments and greater operating leverage for SG&A and fixed costs. For GAAP net income and diluted EPS, we expect significant year-over-year growth each quarter given the improvement in overall profitability and the relatively smaller numbers in the prior year along with the benefits of the preferred share conversion.
As we look ahead, across both divisions, we will be focused on optimizing their cost structures in facility and resource utilization and driving increased yield from the growth investments we have made in the past few years. We will also continue working to identify additional growth where we can efficiently deploy capital to further our growth and diversification objectives. We encourage everyone to review our press release, financial supplement and investor presentation as these materials include the most current information on our consolidated and segment actual results, our strategic road map and our guidance.
I’d like to thank our team, students and partners for their continued support as we progress further into 2024.
I’ll now turn the call back over to Jerome for closing remarks.
Jerome Grant
Thank you, Troy. As our first quarter performance demonstrates, we’ve continued to deliver on and exceed expectations across our key financial metrics, while expanding the top-quality training and career opportunities we facilitate for our students in high growth markets. Our execution has remained strong and consistent over the past several years, giving us much of the runway needed to achieve our updated fiscal year 2024 targets.
We are at least a year ahead of our originally stated plan, and our revised targets exceed even this long-term view. They are a testament to the robust multi divisional foundation we have built and continue to refine. Upon this foundation, we will continue providing premier, diversified career pathways for our students, but at even a greater scale and caliber. Over the coming quarters, we will be working to ramp the most recent program launches in both divisions, enhance the yield of our marketing and admission investments and optimize our workforce and facilities utilization to drive greater margin expansion and improved operating leverage.
This work enhances the benefits of the initiatives we put into place over the past year as well as the overall strength and efficiency of our growing platform. In closing, I’d like to reemphasize that this is not the endpoint of our growth trajectory. We have conquered as the cornerstone of our healthcare operations and remain focused on ramping our presence and offerings for this rapidly growing industry as well as our expanding program offerings and corporate partnerships across both of our businesses. These focus areas make us well positioned to evaluate further pathways towards deepening and diversifying our footprint. We are proud of our progress and we look forward to continuing and building on our momentum for UTI Inc., in fiscal 2024 and beyond.
I’d now like to turn the call over to the operator for Q&A. Operator?
Question-and-Answer Session
Operator
[Operator Instructions]. Our first question comes from Mike Grondahl with Northland Securities.
Mike Grondahl
Jerome, could you maybe highlight what is working on the marketing side and some of those investments you’ve made, whether that’s high school, military? Just maybe, expand on that a little bit, like what’s working on the marketing side and kind of getting people into school?
Jerome Grant
Sure. Well, a couple of things. Our adult population, which includes military, interest is driven demandly or demand is driven through digital means. And we’ve begun to use more sophisticated tools along with our social media vendors and Google, that’s doing a much better job of utilizing new AI tools to isolate the population that’s most likely to be interested in where we are. So the way we comb interest nowadays, whether it’s geographically, by age, by social media preferences and things along those lines, it’s actually just giving us a better quality lead, which is great to see. And also helping us, discern between those that are less likely to convert and those that are more likely to convert, which helps our reps, spend more time with those that are more likely to convert. And so, we’re seeing an uptick in conversion based off of our ability to better identify those that are more likely to look into transportation and skilled trades or in the healthcare fields.
And then one of the things we talked about at the beginning of the year is that we significantly increased our presence this year in the high schools. And so, in the high school organizations, a lot of the demand is driven most of the demand is actually driven by our reps going into the high schools and doing career presentations, I think 3, 4 days a week, 5, 6 presentations a day and generating interest off that and so in 2023, we added about 15 reps in the high school channel and they’re hitting their stride in their 2nd year, their relationships are stronger.
They know more about the schools. They know more about the faculty and the administration at those schools and we’re seeing them be significantly more effective and frankly doing a lot more presentations, which is generating a lot more leads. So those are the things that I think are probably turning things positive in our direction from a lead generation standpoint.
Mike Grondahl
And then just one more question. You’ve done a bunch of expansions at Concorde at UTI. Is there maybe one at each that really sticks out or 1 or 2 at each that has just done so well. Any color there?
Troy Anderson
On the Universal Technical Institute division side of the aisle, I think the HVAC programs actually are operating the way traditionally we’ve talked about in terms of welding, which is they’re filling up pretty much right away. Again, I think there’s a lot of demand out there for HVAC technicians. People understand what an HVAC technician does, and therefore, there’s less market knowledge that needs to be put in, less teaching and learning that has to happen about what the career is.
And so we’re really happy to see what’s happened with the first HVAC implementations, and that’s why we decided to accelerate more of them on the UTI campus. In second place, I think, aviation. The need for aviation tax is also very, very strong. And so our aviation programs have done very, very well and in most cases, exceeded our expectations for the initial cohorts that have started in the group.
On the health care side, the Concorde is very, very strong in the dental fields. And so, it’s a reason why we decided to move forward aggressively with implementing, some dental hygiene programs that had been approved prior to the acquisition is going ahead and invest and get them in on the campuses is that dental hygiene programs, sell off very quickly. We actually have to be quite selective in who we put into them because we have a limited number of seats and therefore, we then start creating waiting lists for the next cohorts that are coming along.
So those 2 right there, HVAC and dental with aviation closely behind, I think, are the shining stars so far. Not to say that the other programs are not doing well. They are. They’re just smaller. And in some cases like robotics or wind energy, we spend a lot more time letting the market know what this discipline is because people really don’t realize that there’s someone who climbs up that windmill and fixes that on the inside. So I hope that answered your question.
Operator
Our next question comes from Steve Frankel with Rosenblatt.
Steve Frankel
So one of the trends that has been going on for a while that’s been and fitting you is employers really battling for these students and upping their offers in terms of things like tuition reimbursement, given where we are in terms of the overall employment market, has that battle turn the other way or do you still see the stakes getting higher for someone to get to the table at UTS?
Jerome Grant
It’s a great question. If anything in many of the areas on the UTI side of the equation, the demand it’s even growing. If you look at BLS projections over the next 10 to 15 years, is that demand for people on the transportation, skilled trades and energy are even growing. And so one of the things that we’ve commented on in the past that we’re most proud of is this trip program that we put into place is that prior to putting that into place, we really didn’t have an organized way of registering what, the employment community would be offering our students. And these trip agreements, right, how much you’re going to, how much tuition reimbursement? Are there any other benefits like sign on bonuses or in some cases autos and things along those lines? And so those agreements help us rank order the compelling nature of people that are gaining access to our students.
They also allow the employment community to understand what the landscape of, because these are not private documents. These are something we make public all of the students and the employers can see it too. What their competitors are offering. And so what we see is people in order to get more favorable position of accessing our graduates are putting together more competitive offers, and that’s what we want to do for our graduates.
We want to give them a very high quality industry aligned education, and then we want to get them the best jobs that we possibly can. And so these trip agreements, I think, are a great example of things that are actually heightening the competition between those who are gaining access to our to our students on that side of an aisle. This is upside for Concord because prior to us owning them last year, they did a very, very good job of cultivating local opportunities for their graduates. And as you know from what we’ve been talking about healthcare opportunities, they dwarf transportation trades and energy in terms of the magnitude of need out there on the market. And so now we’re starting to evolve the conquered organization with some of that same organization and we expect that we’ll see some of the same results out of that.
Steve Frankel
And then another challenge, especially when inflation was at its peak, with convincing students to relocate. Have the incentives that you are offering worked and kind of change the capacity situation at those big campuses like Orlando?
Troy Anderson
Yes. Hey, Steve. This is Troy. Look, we’re still seeing, I would say it’s been moderated the last few quarters. So we haven’t seeing it turn. So we’re still seeing really strong progress on the local side, continuing to penetrate more deeply in the local space, especially with the new program offerings, helping to drive that relocation. We’re making good progress. We’re generating the leads. And again, I think it’s stabilized, but some of the campuses where we have a much higher relocation, concentration, you know, we’re still we’re still trying to work with those students to find, you know, the right mix of things to bring the most students possible in there.
Steve Frankel
And then, the last one, at least relative to the way I modeled it, the revenue per head at the core UTI or the legacy UTI business was a little or than I thought. Was there anything that led to that that you would call out?
Jerome Grant
Well, we have a traditionally Q1 dips because of the holidays. We’re closed for a week in December. So that may apologies if we didn’t convey that in any of our prior conversations. But we do see a dip and then it bounces back up and you see your kind of traditional growth trajectory, few points of growth based upon tuition escalations.
Operator
The next question comes from Raj Sharma with B. Riley.
Raj Sharma
I wanted to understand better the starts, they are slightly higher than expected is my understanding, is most of the starts gain that you expect for the year in the second half still?
Troy Anderson
So the guidance we gave back in November was we would have very strong growth first half of the year, double digits and then we would see that moderate in the back half of the year. I commented on that in my prepared remarks that is still our expectation. So again, 17% for UTI in the quarter, about half of that new programs and half of that same campus, same programs. And then, of course, Concorde, I commented on a pro forma basis. This will be the last quarter where there is a partial quarter, but that was 12%, a little over 12% on a pro forma basis. So good growth there as well.
But as we get into the back half of the year, we’ll start lapping over or anniversarying over some of the improvements we implemented last year as far as grant programs, some of the marketing initiatives, and of course the program expansions on the UTI side. So that’s why we expect to see something more in the low to mid-single-digit range in the back half of the year.
Raj Sharma
And then just across the board with student starts, the high school and adults were pretty consistent. Military, was higher than usual. Is that an anomaly or is that just small numbers to going to…
Troy Anderson
It is a bit of small numbers. We also have talked about some of the improvements Jerome hit on high school previously, the staffing in high school, we had done the same thing in military. It’s a smaller team, much smaller team, but it’s about 2 dozen now. We increased that almost by 50%, including some of the attrition that we had seen over the last year or 2.
So that’s a pretty fully staffed team. We also centralized our financial aid support for our prospective military students to make that process much more streamlined and efficient. So you have the reps and a core group of financial aid representatives working together across the whole portfolio of prospective students and we’re seeing the benefits of those actions in the military growth rate. It will bounce around a bit from quarter to quarter, again, because of smaller numbers, but we have been very pleased with the military growth certainly in the last several quarters.
Raj Sharma
And then just on the numbers, I know that starts would be low to mid in the second half, but there is a big jump in the top line and also especially EBITDA in the second half. The first quarter, Q1, there was a big beat on EBITDA. Where is and I see that the operating expenses are 400 basis points about lower than last year. Most of these gains in EBITDA are coming from operating leverage then?
Jerome Grant
Yes. It was about half and half versus our expectations. About half of the benefit was revenue and the other half was expense. Mostly timing, we didn’t ramp expenses quite as fast as we thought would. We had some initiatives that were going to start later in the year than we were thinking when we came into the year. So there’s a little bit of push associated with the expense side and some of that was just timing on ramp, which is why we were able to increase our guidance because we’ll flow through some of that net benefit for the year.
The top line, keep in mind, again, there’s a tail. We had a start this quarter with that students in school for a year. And so the strong growth we exited last year with and the strong growth that we have in the first half of this year. We’ll continue to benefit the top line over the next few quarters, whereas once we start seeing growth, let’s say, starts are in the 3% to 5% range, just in a low to mid single digit general type of guide.
Then all things being equal that revenue would normalize to that plus any rate differential that we have based on tuition rate escalations that occur.
Raj Sharma
Just it seemed like the overall increase in the EBITDA guidance for the year seemed conservative given the big beat in Q1?
Jerome Grant
Yes. And again, some of that is just moving some of the expenses around in the timing of the year. We have a little bit of shuffling of revenue around just based on as we re-project the year, some of the start cadence and being able to flow through in a portion of the Q1 to be. So look, we’re it’s early in the year. We would normally update our guidance frankly in the first quarter. Normally, it would be second or third quarter. But given the strong beat and just given our outlook the year, we’re comfortable doing that and we’ll continue to monitor through the year and make other adjustments as we see appropriate.
Raj Sharma
And then just my last question is on the regulatory front end composite score. Where does the composite score stand now? And is there a target that you’d like to achieve? And does that kind of the number? And I guess the attempts are always to try to improve that number. And does that play into how you would think about capital allocation in financing of any of a specific acquisition in the future? Just trying to get a sense of that?
Jerome Grant
Sure. Yes. We focus heavily on regulatory metrics. We are very purposeful about staying above any thresholds that cause issues in terms of any of our reporting with the Department of Education, any of our creditors. So student outcomes are also very important. As far as composite score, what’s interesting about that is, as and maybe just for general education for those listening, it’s a scale of 0 to 3, but 1.5 and above, it’s basically pass sale. There’s you get no benefit out of a 1.51 relative to a 3. You’re above 15, period. End of story. So we’re not managing to get to a 3. I mean, if we get a 3, that’s great. There’s a lot of math, and elements to the equation, that drives the composite score. We’re above 1.5. We’re comfortably above 1.5, and we’ll continue to manage, above 1.5. We did dip relative to the prior year, because of the acquisition of Concorde. Again, there’s a lot of variables that go into the math around that.
So, we were above a 2. We were a 1.6, this last year. We would most likely be above a 2 again this year as a kind of a temporary blip. But, again, no impact because above 1.5 is there’s you’re clear of any potential implications with the Department of Ed. So that’s really the primary metric we look at, but we take it very seriously, and we manage our business to ensure that we’re delivering that.
Operator
The next question comes from Eric Martinuzzi with Lake Street.
Eric Martinuzzi
I wanted to make sure I understood the upward revision to the fiscal ’24. Obviously, with the no change in the new student starts, this is coming down to sort of the installed base of students outperforming. So I was just curious, is this a little bit better revenue per student maybe than you’re originally thinking or better retention in the student population. What’s the driver on the revenue without the change in new student starts?
Troy Anderson
Yes. I think it’s a little bit more of the population, better performance on the population. Starts were pretty much in line with our expectations. As you said, we’re comfortable with the full year guidance range we’ve given previously. Again, early in the year, 4,300 starts out of 25,000 midpoint. So we have a lot of lot of work to do to land the other 21,000 starts for the year, but we feel very confident in that. And so just a bit better monetization out of the coming out of Q4 into Q1, a little bit better persistence and lower attrition on the installed base as you said, and we continue to feel good about the performance for the remainder of the year on that.
Eric Martinuzzi
And then on the use of cash priorities, you guys have a lot of different directions you can go in. Obviously, M&A has been a key driver of the business. But where do you stack rank? I don’t know if you even have the ability post the convertible preferred conversion of share repurchases, but you’ve got new programs, new campuses, M&A, buyback, help me understand the stack rank there.
Troy Anderson
Yes. Our bias is to continue down the path of the growth case and initiatives we’ve been embarking upon the last few years. We’re at the tail end of the work we’ve done the last few years with the program expansions, new campuses, et cetera. We have a few more program expansions, as Jerome commented on earlier, planned for this year. And we’re working on what the next round of decisions might be. As Jerome said in his prepared remarks, We’re not the end at the end of our journey. We’re building a foundation and we have a playbook in place and we’re going to continue looking for opportunities to grow and expand, which could be a combination of organic and inorganic initiatives.
Keep in mind, a lot of our cash flow. Most of our cash flow is generated in the fourth quarter. So that $62 million to $66 million adjusted free cash flow guidance. The majority of that is coming in the fourth quarter, so we don’t actually have the cash today. And I commented on our working capital position in my prepared remarks and we’ll be managing the revolver down from the $90 million as we progress through the year and start building up the organic cash, but still expect to have some draw on the revolver even as we exit the year absent any new decisions around that. So, right now, we’re executing on our plan for this year, probably nothing we have about $30 million in CapEx in that plan and probably nothing any new decisions we make would really materially impact cash this year. They would probably bleed more into next year and beyond, and our bias is definitely were continuing on the growth and diversification strategy.
At some point, we’ll have a consistent steady stream of cash flow, strong cash flow and above and beyond what we would need to continue investing in the business and we’ll look at that, what that broader capital allocation policy might be around return to shareholders and other aspects.
Operator
The next question comes from Alex Paris with Barrington Research.
Alex Paris
Most of my questions have been asked and answered, but, so I’ll use my time to kind of dive into Concord a little bit more. You’ve owned it for more than a year now. You bought it on December 1, 2022. You have said before, step one in the acquisition is to first do no harm. And there were some integration activities during the first 12 months. First question, now what in terms of integration? And then the second and related question is, where can margins go on that business? I think at the time of acquisition margins were around 8%.
Troy Anderson
Yes. Thanks, Alex. This is Troy. So, we’re still, we made a great progress last year. We’re super pleased with the acquisition end the performance of the Concord team, Jerome commented on Kevin Crane and him being now the Division President, named officially the Division President and haven’t missed a beat there. So we’re really excited and pleased with the performance of the team.
The integration this year are now starting to get into things like payroll and benefits and some of the other financial systems and some of the organizational, you’ll see reference in our press release and in the queue about some realignments we’ve done organizationally and the expense allocation is associated with that. So we’re now really getting into the plumbing of the organization and really more the finance organization, the IT see organization, HR, some of those more central support type functions. So we’re doing that kind of work, but that’s more background work at this point.
And so really it’s now helping them to drive really a growth mindset and then optimization mindset throughout that organization, which they’re embracing wholeheartedly and are bringing great ideas to the table, which then feeds into the second part of your question, which is we continue to believe wholeheartedly and that the team does as well that, that can be a mid-teens margin business. This year, it would be approaching 10%, maybe touch 10%, was 8% or 9% before we bought them in last year. And so over the next 2, 3 years maybe we’ll get solid at the end of the teams and continue to look to drive higher from there.
There’s optimizations, there’s leverage from growth, which they really didn’t have a growth profile previously modest growth, but now we’re really taking advantage of the opportunities in the market there with some additional marketing dollars and just change in strategy around marketing, the program expansions. And so a combination of levers that we believe are available and readily available to really drive that business forward both from a growth and margin expansion perspective.
Jerome Grant
I’ll just make a couple of comments because Troy hit on most of it. When you really think about unlocking the growth potential of Concorde. There are a couple of things that Troy mentioned, which was during a selling process, usually you don’t spend tons of money on your marketing, et cetera. And so unleashing the upside from a marketing and demand generation standpoint is going very, very well.
Number 2, the program expansions, those were something that weren’t being invested during the selling process. But now that we’ve taken control. We accelerated the 6 programs that we put into place this year and into the beginning of next year. The last couple of things I’d point to would be, we’re beginning to work very collaboratively with the Concorde leadership team in 2 other areas.
One, a place where UTI has really differentiated itself in the market, which is industry alignment and B2B relationships is that we really believe unlocking the power of relationships with folks like Heartland or that we mentioned in the speech and taking off from places like tuition reimbursement and scholarship programs, the deeper partnerships, the kind of things we do at UTI, B2B relationships, training relationships, things along those lines. Those are things that we’re excited about moving forward over the next year.
And then the last place where I think is a significant amount of upside and the differentiated that Concorde will have as well is in acceleration of growth within their online programs. Is that prior to the acquisition, Concorde did a great job filling their campuses and really focused on the local community and the programs that were taught on each individual campus and strong outcomes, strong employer connections, really deep embedding into the community, but not particularly strong in online. And we believe that’s a significant amount of upside for them over the next 24 to 36 months and we’re going to really focus on that with them as well.
Alex Paris
And then I guess my last question would be inorganic growth, M&A, you’ve been very successful with M&A over the last few years, the acquisition of MIAT and Concorde have been home runs in my opinion. Didn’t talk much about it in the prepared comments. I assume these things take a while to close anyway, but what’s your thoughts with regard to M&A and where would you target M&A?
Troy Anderson
You’re right. We didn’t talk about a lot in our speech because we’ve got nothing to announce today. And so therefore, not going to talk about it. We have made it clear in the past that we’re not done. We are looking in places that, whether it’s geographies or program areas. We think we can accomplish through M&A as well. In just one example, in the healthcare area, we were incredibly blessed with Allied Health and dental in the Concorde acquisition, but a very small number of their students and small number of campuses are actually in nursing. And so therefore, that’s an area of research where we can look at participating more deeply in the healthcare arena. So we are excited about Cochrane as a cornerstone acquisition in healthcare and we will likely look to be more aggressive in that space.
On the UTI side of the equation, as we’ve said in the past is when we look at new locations. We also or programs in that we’re not teaching in the location. We also look at inorganic means for entering a market so that we don’t have start up from the very beginning. It takes about 18 months to get a campus from a warehouse to a campus. And so we’ll also look in terms of geography and new program areas to continue to proliferate broader band of in demand skills.
And when we have something to announce, you guys will be the first to know.
Operator
This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Jerome Grant for any closing remarks.
Jerome Grant
Hey, thanks a lot, Dave. I’d like to thank everyone who attended today. As always, Troy and I are going to be available for follow-up question tuned over the next few days. We look forward to speaking with many of you over that time period. And once again, we look forward to, your audience once again in May when we do our second quarter fiscal results. So thanks.
Operator
The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today’s presentation. You may now disconnect.
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